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w4lle's avatar w4lle

一键接入Tinker

背景

Tinker开源挺长时间了,使用的开发者也越来越多,对于一些小白开发者来说对接Tinker的成本还是挺高的,其中主要因素还是不能理解为什么Application要修改成ApplicationLike,以及改造后对项目中使用Application的地方也要同步修改。

在上篇文章Android热补丁之Tinker原理解析中我们已经讲解了这样做的目的以及Tinker的加载补丁的流程,本篇文章主要讲一下一键接入Tinker的实现思路。

InstantRun

我们的目的是要实现不修改Application达到替换Application的效果,在这篇文章从Instant run谈Android替换Application和动态加载机制中,详细讲述了如何动态替换Application,总结起来就两步:

  1. 打包时替换Application标签,插入BootstrapApplication
  2. 运行时hook系统api,将BootstrapApplication换回MyApplication

那么,我们依然可以用这套方案来实现Tinker的一键接入,动态替换Application。

实现

有了思路我们就可以敲代码了。

打包

打包时我们要改变Manifest中Application的标签值,可以通过自定义Gradle插件来实现,关键代码

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@TaskAction
def updateManifest() {
def ns = new Namespace("http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android", "android")
def xml = new XmlParser().parse(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(manifestPath), "utf-8"))
def application = xml.application[0]
if (application) {
def metaDataTags = application['meta-data']
String rawApplicationName = application.attributes()[ns.name]
metaDataTags.findAll {
it.attributes()[ns.name].equals(TINKER_APPLICATION)
}.each {
it.parent().remove(it)
}
application.appendNode('meta-data', [(ns.name): TINKER_APPLICATION, (ns.value): rawApplicationName])
application.attributes()[ns.name] = TINKER_APPLICATION_VALUE
def printer = new XmlNodePrinter(new PrintWriter(manifestPath, "utf-8"))
printer.preserveWhitespace = true
printer.print(xml)
}
}

打包出的apk中的AndroidManifest.xml文件基本是这样的

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<application android:name="com.w4lle.onekeytinker.BootstrapApplication">
...
<meta-data android:name="ONEKEY_TINKER_APPLICATION" android:value="com.w4lle.onekeytinker.App"/>
</application>

其中的App是项目中原有的Application,BootstrapApplication是后期我们插入的Application。自定义Gradle插件时可以封装一个Extension配置参数,把Tinker的相关配置封装起来,一些不变的默认配置项都可以写到里面,这样项目的gradle配置可以更简洁。另外说一句,这个Gradle插件的顺序应该是打包工具生成Manifest之后,Tinker相关Task之前。

运行时替换Application

这一步的主要工作也是分两步,第一就是解析Manifest文件,拿到realApplication(App)和BootstrapApplication;然后hook 系统完成替换。

InstantRun中的替换实现

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public static void monkeyPatchApplication(@Nullable Context context,
@Nullable Application bootstrap,
@Nullable Application realApplication) {
try {
// Find the ActivityThread instance for the current thread
Class<?> activityThread = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread");
Object currentActivityThread = getActivityThread(context, activityThread);
// Find the mInitialApplication field of the ActivityThread to the real application
Field mInitialApplication = activityThread.getDeclaredField("mInitialApplication");
mInitialApplication.setAccessible(true);
Application initialApplication = (Application) mInitialApplication.get(currentActivityThread);
if (realApplication != null && initialApplication == bootstrap) {
//**2.替换掉ActivityThread.mInitialApplication**
mInitialApplication.set(currentActivityThread, realApplication);
}
// Replace all instance of the stub application in ActivityThread#mAllApplications with the
// real one
if (realApplication != null) {
Field mAllApplications = activityThread.getDeclaredField("mAllApplications");
mAllApplications.setAccessible(true);
List<Application> allApplications = (List<Application>) mAllApplications
.get(currentActivityThread);
for (int i = 0; i < allApplications.size(); i++) {
if (allApplications.get(i) == bootstrap) {
//**1.替换掉ActivityThread.mAllApplications**
allApplications.set(i, realApplication);
}
}
}
// Figure out how loaded APKs are stored.
// API version 8 has PackageInfo, 10 has LoadedApk. 9, I don't know.
Class<?> loadedApkClass;
try {
loadedApkClass = Class.forName("android.app.LoadedApk");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
loadedApkClass = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread$PackageInfo");
}
Field mApplication = loadedApkClass.getDeclaredField("mApplication");
mApplication.setAccessible(true);
// 10 doesn't have this field, 14 does. Fortunately, there are not many Honeycomb devices
// floating around.
Field mLoadedApk = null;
try {
mLoadedApk = Application.class.getDeclaredField("mLoadedApk");
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
// According to testing, it's okay to ignore this.
}
// Enumerate all LoadedApk (or PackageInfo) fields in ActivityThread#mPackages and
// ActivityThread#mResourcePackages and do two things:
// - Replace the Application instance in its mApplication field with the real one
// - Set Application#mLoadedApk to the found LoadedApk instance
for (String fieldName : new String[]{"mPackages", "mResourcePackages"}) {
Field field = activityThread.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
Object value = field.get(currentActivityThread);
for (Map.Entry<String, WeakReference<?>> entry :
((Map<String, WeakReference<?>>) value).entrySet()) {
Object loadedApk = entry.getValue().get();
if (loadedApk == null) {
continue;
}
if (mApplication.get(loadedApk) == bootstrap) {
if (realApplication != null) {
//**3.替换掉mApplication**
mApplication.set(loadedApk, realApplication);
}
if (realApplication != null && mLoadedApk != null) {
//**4.替换掉mLoadedApk**
mLoadedApk.set(realApplication, loadedApk);
}
}
}
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
}

主要做了两件事:

  1. 替换Application
    • baseContext.mPackageInfo.mApplication 代码3处
    • baseContext.mPackageInfo.mActivityThread.mInitialApplication 代码2处
    • baseContext.mPackageInfo.mActivityThread.mAllApplications 代码1处
  2. 替换mLoadedApk对象,代码4处

详细请查看从Instant run谈Android替换Application和动态加载机制

做完上面这两步这样就可以实现一键接入了。

兼容性

在上篇文章中我们提到,由于该方案大量hook系统api,在国内Android碎片化如此严重的市场环境下,该方案兼容性有一些问题,大概有 1/1w的概率会出现替换失败的问题,如果替换失败,那么在系统中运行的Application还是BootstrapApplication,而我们App中的Application已经没有了Application的生命周期和作用。

所以我们要在失败catch中调用下Application的生命周期方法以保证程序能够正常初始化启动起来。

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try {
...
} catch {
e = true;
realApplication.onCreate();
}
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration paramConfiguration)
{
if (e && realApplication != null) {
realApplication.onConfigurationChanged(paramConfiguration);
return;
}
super.onConfigurationChanged(paramConfiguration);
}
public void onLowMemory()
{
if (e && realApplication != null) {
realApplication.onLowMemory();
return;
}
super.onLowMemory();
}
@TargetApi(14)
public void onTrimMemory(int paramInt)
{
if (e && realApplication != null) {
realApplication.onTrimMemory(paramInt);
return;
}
super.onTrimMemory(paramInt);
}
public void onTerminate()
{
if (e && realApplication != null) {
realApplication.onTerminate();
return;
}
super.onTerminate();
}

这么做虽然能保证App能启动,但是实际上还会有隐性问题存在。比如App中有如下代码((App) getApplication()).xxx();,那么在替换失败的情况下可能就会崩了, 因为getApplication()得到的是BootstrapApplication,强转为App类型肯定就挂了。

总结

整体思路大概讲清楚了,虽然这种方案接入成本低,但是兼容性问题是个很麻烦的事情,说不定啥时候就崩了。推荐大家还是使用Tinker自有的接入方案。

参考

从Instant run谈Android替换Application和动态加载机制
TinkerPatch

本文链接: http://w4lle.com/2017/01/05/one-key-for-tinker/

版权声明:本文为 w4lle 原创文章,可以随意转载,但必须在明确位置注明出处!
本文链接: http://w4lle.com/2017/01/05/one-key-for-tinker/